大地水准面高的计算及其在海底地形反演中的应用     

范雕  李姗姗  苏明晓  孟书宇  邢志斌  张驰  冯进凯 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(5)

为充分挖掘海洋重力数据在反演海底地形中的应用潜力,尝试探索利用大地水准面高反演海底地形的技术途径,并以夏威夷—皇帝海山链拐点所在海区作为反演试验区进行验证。首先采用Belikov列推法计算伴随(缔和)勒让德函数,利用EIGEN-6C4地球重力场模型解算获取了分辨率为1'的大地水准面高格网数值模型;然后通过综合分析反演比例函数和转换函数特点、研究海区大地水准面高与海底地形的相干特性以及大地水准面高本身尺度特征,获得了利用大地水准面高反演海底地形的频段范围;最终以试验海区大地水准面高为数据输入,构建了相应的海底地形模型(BNT模型),并与ETOPO1等海深模型进行比对分析。试验结果表明:BNT模型检核差值在一倍均方差范围检核点数量占比70.60%,相比正态分布更加集中;BNT模型检核精度低于ETOPO1等海深模型;海深模型检核精度随着水深增加不断提升,水深小于1 000 m时,海深模型相对误差出现较大发散现象;计算海域ETOPO1模型精度最高,GEBCO模型和DTU10模型检核精度相当。  相似文献   

The response in floodplain respiration of an alpine river to experimental inundation under different temperature regimes          下载免费PDF全文

Tatjana Simčič  Nataša Mori  Christian Hossli  Christopher T. Robinson  Michael Doering 《水文研究》2015,29(26):5438-5450

The respiratory potential [i.e. electron transport system activity (ETSA)] of soils and sediments from five floodplain habitats (channel, gravel, islands, riparian forest and grassland) of the Urbach River, Switzerland, and actual respiration rate (R) of the same samples exposed to experimental inundation were measured. Measurements were carried out at three incubation temperatures (4°C, 12°C and 20°C), and ETSA/R ratios (i.e. exploitation of the overall metabolic capacity) were investigated to better understand the effects of temperature and inundation on floodplain functional heterogeneity. Furthermore, ETSA/R ratios obtained during experimental inundation were compared with ETSA/R ratios from field measurements to investigate the exploitation in total metabolic potential at different conditions. Lowest ETSA and R were measured in samples from channel and gravel habitats, followed by those from islands. Substantially higher values were measured in soils from riparian forest and grassland. Both ETSA and R increased with increasing temperature in samples from all habitats, while the ETSA/R ratio decreased because of a rapid response in microbial community respiration to higher temperatures. The metabolic capacity exploitation (i.e. ETSA/R) during experimental inundation was lowest in predominantly terrestrial samples (riparian forest and grassland), indicating the weakest response to wetted conditions. Comparison of experimentally inundated and field conditions revealed that in rarely flooded soils, the metabolic capacity was less exploited during inundation than during non‐flooded conditions. The results suggest high sensitivity in floodplain respiration to changes in temperature and hydrological regime. ETSA/R ratios are considered good indicators of changes in metabolic activity of floodplain soils and sediments, and thus useful to estimate the impact of changes in hydrological regime or to evaluate success of floodplain restoration actions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Impact of climate indicators on continental‐scale potential groundwater recharge in Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Nasta  John B. Gates  Yoshihide Wada 《水文研究》2016,30(19):3420-3433

In the last decades, human activity has been contributing to climate change that is closely associated with an increase in temperatures, increase in evaporation, intensification of extreme dry and wet rainfall events, and widespread melting of snow and ice. Understanding the intricate linkage between climate warming and the hydrological cycle is crucial for sustainable management of groundwater resources, especially in a vulnerable continent like Africa. This study investigates the relationship between climate‐change drivers and potential groundwater recharge (PGR) patterns across Africa for a long‐term record (1960–2010). Water‐balance components were simulated by using the PCR‐GLOBWB model and were reproduced in both gridded maps and latitudinal trends that vary in space with minima on the Tropics and maxima around the Equator. Statistical correlations between temperature, storm occurrences, drought, and PGR were examined in six climatic regions of Africa. Surprisingly, different effects of climate‐change controls on PGR were detected as a function of latitude in the last three decades (1980–2010). Temporal trends observed in the Northern Hemisphere of Africa reveal that the increase in temperature is significantly correlated to the decline of PGR, especially in the Northern Equatorial Africa. The climate indicators considered in this study were unable to explain the alarming negative trend of PGR observed in the Sahelian region, even though the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values report a 15% drought stress. On the other hand, increases in temperature have not been detected in the Southern Hemisphere of Africa, where increasing frequency of storm occurrences determine a rise of PGR, particularly in southern Africa. Time analysis highlights a strong seasonality effect, while PGR is in‐phase with rainfall patterns in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) and winter (Southern Hemisphere) and out‐of‐phase during the fall season. This study helps to elucidate the mechanism of the processes influencing groundwater resources in six climatic zones of Africa, even though modelling results need to be validated more extensively with direct measurements in future studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Discharge‐sediment processes of the Zhadang glacier on the Tibetan Plateau measured with a high frequency data acquisition system          下载免费PDF全文

Fei Chen  Qiangguo Cai  Liying Sun  Tingwu Lei 《水文研究》2016,30(23):4330-4338

In high elevation cold regions of the Tibetan Plateau, suspended sediment transfer from glacier meltwater erosion is one of the important hydrological components. The Zhadang glacier is a typical valley‐type glacier in the Nyainqentanglha Mountains on the Tibetan Plateau. To make frequent and long period records of meltwater runoff and sediment processes in the very high elevation and isolated regions, an automatic system was installed near the glacier snout (5400 m a.s.l) in August 2013, to measure the transient discharge and sediment processes at 5‐min interval, which is shorter than the time span for the water flow to traverse the catchment from the farthest end to the watershed outlet. Diurnal variations of discharge, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were recorded at high frequency for the Zhadang glacier, before suspended sediment load (SSL) was computed. Hourly SSC varied from the range of 0.2 kg/m³ to 0.5 kg/m³ (at 8:00–9:00) to the range of 2.0 kg/m³ to 4.0 kg/m³ (at 17:00–18:00). The daily SSL was 32.24 t during the intense ablation period. Hourly SSC was linearly correlated with discharge (r = 0.885**, n = 18, p < 0.01). A digit‐eight hysteresis loop was observed for the sediment transport in the glacier area. Air temperature fluctuations influence discharge, and then result in the sediment variations. The results of this study provide insight into the responses of suspended sediment delivery processes with a high frequency data in the high elevation cold regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的地震瞬时属性提取方法及应用(英文)     

黄亚平  耿建华  钟广法  郭彤楼  蒲勇  丁孔芸  麻纪强 《应用地球物理》2011,8(2):125-133

希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)是一种新的适合非平稳和非线性信号的分析方法,由于地震信号一般呈现出非平稳与非线性特性,因此HHT非常适合地震信号的分析。本文首先介绍了HHT中关于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的实现过程,在此基础上分析了几种基于EMD获得本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMF)来计算瞬时频率的算法,其中利用了两个采样间隔瞬时频率的平均来计算瞬时频率,较好地反映了地震信号频率成分随时间变化的特征。将该方法应用于四川东北部某地区海相碳酸盐岩地层三维地震叠后偏移数据处理,提取"三瞬"地震属性,与传统的希尔伯特变换提取的"三瞬"地震属性进行对比,结果表明基于HHT的"三瞬"地震属性结果具有更高的分辨率,IMF2的瞬时相位能够较好地刻画台地边缘生物礁相,IMF2的瞬时频率亦具有较好的分带性。将IMF2的"三瞬"地震属性与钻井等资料结合分析,能够更好地识别沉积相的分布。  相似文献   

高频大地电磁测深（EH-4）在热储构造勘查中的试验研究-以抚州地热区为例     

叶益信 《地质与勘探》2011,47(4):649-653

EH-4电磁成像系统是目前国内外较为先进的电磁法勘探仪器,它具有勘探深度大、成果反应直观、轻便高效等优点。本文首先介绍了该方法的工作原理,然后以抚州地热区的勘查为例,说明它在热储构造勘查中的应用。本文通过高频大地电磁测深（EH4）在抚州地热区的应用,结合快速松弛反演（RRI）技术,揭露了该地区的深部地电剖面特征,反演结...  相似文献   

双频激电法在河南某钼矿带进行快速找矿评价中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

尚建阁李 冰  丁云河  冯亮 《中国地质》2011,38(2):473-478

文章主要介绍了运用双频道激发极化法在河南省豫西山区进行快速找矿工作中发现矿体的过程及在野外施工过程中应注意的几个问题。通过双频激电中梯测量,在工作区圈定了3处激电异常,通过该区地质资料,岩(矿)石物性特征以及化探次生晕资料对激电异常进行了综合研究分析,经过钻探验证,此异常与隐伏钼矿体和钼矿化有关。证明了双频激电法完全能适应在豫西山区进行快速找矿评价,并取得良好的效果。  相似文献   

《地球科学与环境学报》2004—2010年载文信息及被引频次统计分析     

马文军  孙守增  刘洪涛 《西安地质学院学报》2011,(3):326-330

运用文献计量学方法,对《地球科学与环境学报》（以下简称《学报》）2004—2010年载文的第一作者学历、职称和服务单位、论文资助项目来源、研究领域、出版时滞、被引频次、下载次数、影响因子等论文信息指标进行了统计分析。结果表明《学报》呈现以下特征：高学历作者比例稳步提升;副高职称和中级职称作者是《学报》作者的骨干力量;作者来源呈多元化发展,主办单位论文呈下降趋势;大多数论文有各类基金项目资助;基础地质及矿产地质是《学报》载文的主要内容;出版时滞需要进一步优化;被引频次计量指标反映《学报》呈现良好的发展态势。  相似文献   

内蒙古乌尼克吐铅锌矿电法异常特征及试验     

张威  王文国  张强  黄力军 《物探与化探》2011,35(3):333-336

以时间域中梯装置激发极化、偶极—偶极装置相位激电测深和可控源音频大地电磁测深在内蒙古乌尼克吐铅锌矿试验结果为例,验证综合电法在寻找矽卡岩型铅锌矿床中的作用及找矿效果。试验结果表明,在激发极化普查测量中应注意供电电极与异常体之间相互关系,否则会产生虚假异常;在勘查区岩矿石电性条件较好的情况下,激发极化面积测量基本能够反映出异常源平面分布情况。在矿(体)与围岩之间的电阻率差异不明显的条件下,较相位激电测深,可控源音频大地电磁测深基本能够推断出矿体的空间赋存位置。所以,时间域中梯装置激发极化与可控源音频大地电磁测深的电法组合在有色金属矿产勘查中可以发挥更大作用。  相似文献   

物探在豫西隐伏金矿找矿中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨守渠  乔刚  李萍  袁文婷  张炳顺  郭建勇 《物探与化探》2011,35(4):455-460

结合成矿地质条件,简要介绍了磁法、甚低频电磁法、瞬变电磁法、激电测深在金矿找矿工作中的不同特点和作用;给出了在豫西几个金矿区多金属成矿带上寻找隐伏金矿体的成功实例,说明在具备地球物理前提的条件下,用磁法、甚低频电磁(或瞬变电磁)法快速扫面测量可圈定找矿靶区。在找矿靶区做一定量对称四极激电测深工作,可预测矿体埋藏深度等;这是经济、快速地探测浅—深部隐伏、半隐伏盲矿体的有效方法,值得推广应用。  相似文献